duane syndrome rarity

Duane Syndrome is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Duane syndrome is congenital rare type of strabismus. It is characterized by difficulty rotating one or both eyes outward (abduction) or inward (adduction). When the limited ability to move the eye is outward toward the ear, it is called abduction. Le syndrome de Duane présente une symptomatologie classique avec des formes mixtes nombreuses et une étiopathogénie incertaine. Keywords: Duane syndrome, esotropia, strabismus. Duane syndrome is a rare eye movement disorder often classified as a type of strabismus, in which eye movements are restricted based on the case’s severity and type. Limbal dermoid was present in both eyes. Despite the limitations and given the rarity of exotropic Duane retraction syndrome, the current study reports surgical outcomes of a large number of patients with exotropic Duane syndrome. This is the most common type of Duane syndrome. Normal eye movements . Thus, on attempted abduction, stimulation of the lateral rectus via the oculomotor nerve will be accompanied by stimulation of the opposing medial rectus via the same nerve; a muscle which works to adduct the eye. Duane syndrome (DS) is a rare eye disorder some people are born with. Occasionally, torticollis in Duane syndrome can be satisfactorily corrected with spectacles alone. Syndromic DRS can also arise from chromosomal anomalies and copy … Ophanet, who are a consortium of European partners, currently defines a condition rare when if affects 1 person per 2,000. Abduction can be normal or slightly altered. [9], Brown(1950) has classified Duane's syndrome according to the characteristics of the limitation of movement-, The first type is more common and accounts for 85% of the cases.[5][10]. Duane syndrome is a congenital rare type of strabismus most commonly characterized by the inability of the eye to move outward. Most individuals with Duane syndrome are diagnosed by age 10 years. How to Get Involved in Research. The muscles and nerves around your eye don't work well together, and that keeps it from moving as it should. Synergistic divergence is a rare entity with features similar to those of Duane syndrome. Pediatr Neurol 1993;9:327-9. able. The majority of patients remain symptom free and able to maintain binocularity with only a slight face turn. Duane syndrome falls under the larger heading of strabismus (misalignment of the eyes) under the subclassification of incomitant strabismus (misalignment of the eyes that varies with gaze directions) and subheading of extraocular fibrosis syndromes (conditions associated with fibrosis of the muscles that move the eyes). Patient and observation. It has been know to exist for more than 100 years. The six muscles that control eye movement are attached to the outside of the wall of the eye. Presented at the Neurology Grand Rounds in Fall 2011 at the University of Utah. Duane syndrome (DS) is a rare, congenital (present from birth) eye movement disorder. Inheritance is autosomal dominant. A genetic cause for individuals with DRRS (Duane radial ray syndrome; Okihiro Syndrome), that is Duane syndrome (unilateral or bilateral) with a skeletal change of radial dysplasia (unilateral or bilateral) ranging from most commonly thumb hypoplasia to most severely a phocomelic limb (similar to that seen in thalidomide cases), has been found. In Duane syndrome type 3, both outward and inward eye … Dans la littérature européenne, ce syndrome porte le nom de syndrome de … Taken together, asymmetries of laterality and gender are probably artifacts of … Generally, with treatment, eye movement can be corrected. Also known as Duane’s retraction syndrome, eye retraction syndrome, and Stilling-Turk-Duane syndrome, This rare disorder is caused by a “miswiring” of the medial and the lateral rectus muscles (the muscles that move the eyes) in the fetus in utero. ), (Roque, B.L.,2018) Isolated Duane’s syndrome in familial and simplex cases has been identified worldwide. Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Duane’s syndrome: a rare association Distrofia muscular de Duchenne e síndrome de Duane: uma rara associação Lívia M.A. Acquired Duane's syndrome is a rare event occurring after peripheral nerve palsy.[12]. Il est caractérisé par une limitation de l’abduction. Type 4 Duane syndrome J AAPOS. Optional forced duction testing and/or force generation testing 4. At birth, affected infants have restricted ability to move the affected eye(s) outward (abduction) and/or inward (adduction). Duane syndrome, also called Duane retraction syndrome (DRS), is a congenital and non-progressive type of strabismus due to abnormal development of the 6th cranial nerve. sensation. Duane’s syndrome accounts for 1%-5% of all cases of strabismus and the frequency of Brown’s syndrome is 1 in 400-450 strabismus cases. This unusual congenital form of strabismus was first described by Duane (1905), who collected reports of 54 cases.The condition is bilateral in 20% of cases. In Duane syndrome type 1, eye movement outward is limited. Excision of dermoid in Goldenhar syndrome can be done for cosmetic purposes. Widening of the palpebral fissure on attempted abduction. Your ability to move your eye toward your nose is … (Predisposing Factors) A positive family history may be an important risk factor, since Duane Syndrome Type 1 is an inherited … People with DS have a limited and sometimes absent ability to move their eye outward toward the ear (ie, abduction), and in most cases, they have a limited ability to move the eye inward toward the nose (ie, adduction). 23 Another syndrome associated with the DRS is the Duane radial ray syndrome also known as Okihiro Syndrome. What causes it? In most people with isolated Duane retraction syndrome, the cause of the condition is unknown. Medical College, Nahan, District Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, India. This condition prevents the eye from moving outward towards the eye, inward towards the nose, or even both. Duane syndrome can be classified into three types: Type 1. There is an exotropic deviation and a head turn to compensate the loss of adduction. Duane syndrome cannot be cured, as the "missing" cranial nerve cannot be replaced, and traditionally there has been no expectation that surgery will result in any increase in the range of eye movement. [3] Alexandrakis and Saunders found that in most cases the abducens nucleus and nerve are absent or hypoplastic, and the lateral rectus muscle is innervated by a branch of the oculomotor nerve. As discussed by Al-Baradie et al. … This means that Duane Syndrome, or a subtype of Duane Syndrome, affects less than 200,000 people in the US population. Duane Syndrome type I in left eye. I have the inability to move my left eye to the left. DS is a miswiring of the eye muscles, causing some eye muscles to contract when they shouldn't and other eye muscles not to contract … Yamanouchi H, Iwasaki Y, Sugai K, Mukuno K. Duane retraction syndrome associated with Chiari I malforma- tion. Duane syndrome; Share this content: Share this content: × Copy Link. Rarity lies in bilateral and . Etiology. (Andrews C.V., Hunter D.G., et al. Le syndrome de Stilling-Türk-Duane est un syndrome de restriction congénitale des mouvements oculaires. 2. Resende , Julio Z. Abucham-Neto 2, Mariza Polati 2, Gerson Chadi 1,Umbertina C. Reed1 1Department of Neurology, Medical School of the University of São Paulo, … Duane syndrome is a strabismus syndrome characterized by congenital non-progressive horizontal ophthalmoplegia (inability to move the eyes) primarily affecting the abducens nucleus and nerve and its innervated extraocular muscle, the lateral rectus muscle. In … … Duane syndrome is a congenital rare type of strabismus most commonly characterized by the inability of the eye to move outward. We report a case of Duane syndrome from West Africa. [2], Other names for this condition include: Duane's retraction syndrome, eye retraction syndrome, retraction syndrome, congenital retraction syndrome and Stilling-Türk-Duane syndrome.[3]. Duane syndrome has 3 types which vary depending on which type of eye movement is most restricted. There are two other uncommon types of Duanes - Duane II whereby the eye … Get the latest research information from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus (link is external), If you have problems viewing PDF files, download the latest version of Adobe Reader, For language access assistance, contact the NCATS Public Information Officer, Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) - PO Box 8126, Gaithersburg, MD 20898-8126 - Toll-free: 1-888-205-2311, expand submenu for Find Diseases By Category, expand submenu for Patients, Families and Friends, expand submenu for Healthcare Professionals, placeholder for the horizontal scroll slider, Office of Rare Disease Research Facebook Page, Office of Rare Disease Research on Twitter, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Caring for Your Patient with a Rare Disease, Preguntas Más Frecuentes Sobre Enfermedades Raras, Como Encontrar un Especialista en su Enfermedad, Consejos Para una Condición no Diagnosticada, Consejos Para Obtener Ayuda Financiera Para Una Enfermedad, Preguntas Más Frecuentes Sobre los Trastornos Cromosómicos. Even ophthalmologists don't know anything about it. This page was last edited on 19 December 2020, at 18:20. In rare forms of Duane syndrome, there can also be other problems, for example with the person’s hands. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov (link is external) Duane Syndrome is an rare birth anomaly of the eyes in which the patient can't move the eye outward. Tips for the Undiagnosed. Careful and early audiologic evaluation of all patients with DRS is important. familial nature of the case. The clinician must be persistent in examining abduction and adduction, and in looking for any associated palpebral fissure changes or head postures, when attempting to determine whether what often presents as a common childhood squint (note-"squint" is a British term for two eyes not looking in the same direction[11]) is in fact Duane syndrome. This study presents a detailed characterization of hearing loss in patients with Duane's retraction syndrome. [6] This view is supported by the earlier work of Hotchkiss et al. While there is wide agreement that unilateral Duane syndrome is more common than bilateral, the former is inconsistently reported to be more common sometimes on the left, and other times on the right, and sometimes with an inconsistent gender preponderance. When there is a limited ability to move the eye inward toward the nose, it is called adduction. Le syndrome de Duane (DRS) est une forme congénitale de strabisme caractérisé par une limitation du mouvement horizontal de l'oeil, une rétraction du globe et un rétrécissement des fentes palpébrales lors de l'adduction. with ipsilateral superior oblique muscle palsy: a rare presentation Dr. Nimisha Sharma, Dr. Manideepa Banerjee, and Dr. S Meenakshi Abstract Type II Duane’s retraction syndrome (DRS) is the least common strabismus characterized by limita-tion of adduction with the presence of upshoot, downshoot or both. The surgical procedure produces 40-65 degrees of binocular field. This is a very rare association. FAQs About Chromosome Disorders. The characteristic features of the syndrome are: While usually isolated to the eye abnormalities, Duane syndrome can be associated with other problems including cervical spine abnormalities Klippel–Feil syndrome, Goldenhar syndrome, heterochromia, and congenital deafness. The syndrome was first described by ophthalmologists Jakob Stilling (1887) and Siegmund Türk (1896), and subsequently named after Alexander Duane, who discussed the disorder in more detail in 1905. Synonyms: Duane's syndrome, type 3: SNOMED CT: Duane syndrome, type 3 (128084001); Duane's syndrome, type 3 (128084001) Recent clinical studies. The muscles and nerves around your eye don't work well, and that keeps it from moving as it should. Ophthalmologic examination focusing on primary gaze, head position, extraocular movements, and aberrant movements 3. General physical examination to assess for presence of other associated syndromes, including hearing evaluation. Help with Travel Costs. What is Duane's Syndrome. Duane syndrome is a congenital strabismus eye movement disorder. Morad et al. This signs and symptoms information for Duane Syndrome has been gathered from various sources, may not be fully accurate, and may not be the full list of Duane Syndrome signs or Duane Syndrome symptoms. Limitation of adduction & abduction & narrowing of palpabrel fissure is seen. (1994) described a 'new' contiguous gene syndrome resulting from a de novo 8q12.2-q21.2 deletion and characterized by the branchiootorenal (BOR) syndrome (), the Duane syndrome, hydrocephalus (), and aplasia of the trapezius muscle (see 600257).This was the first reported localization of the gene responsible for Duane syndrome. Duane syndrome (DS) is also called Stilling-Turk-Duane syndrome or congenital retraction syndrome. Il est causé par un trouble du développement du … Orbital wall fixation of the lateral rectus muscle (muscle is disinserted and reattached to lateral orbital wall) is recommended an effective method to inactivate a lateral rectus muscle in cases of marked anomalous innervation and severe cocontraction. It's called Duane syndrome or Stilling Duane syndrome. Conductive and sensorineural hearing loss are both prevalent among these children. Direct sequencing of the CHN1 gene has detected mutations in the … 22 It has been postulated that the gene responsible for the disease is incompletely penetrant, with variable expressivity. The lateral rectus muscle pulls the eye out, toward the ear, and the medial rectus muscle … Duane retraction syndrome is a rare congenital abnormality that is characterized by the inability to move the affected eye outwards, hence leading to strabismus. Face was asymmetrical & head was turned to left side. Patients with Duane syndrome can have an accommodative component to their esotropia, which is crucial to detect and correct prior to surgery to decrease the risk of long-term over-correction. Duane syndrome, also known as Duane retraction syndrome, is a rare congenital disease characterized by non-progressive strabismus. … To the best of our knowledge this is the first report from this region. https://diseasesdic.com/duane-syndrome-ds-causes-diagnosis-and-treatment 2007. Duane syndrome is a rare, congenital disorder of eye movement. New York: Oxford University press; 2001. Duane syndrome is a rare eye condition where one or sometimes both eyes do not turn to the side very well and the eyelids may open and close as the eyes try to turn. Tips for Finding Financial Aid. Normal eye movements . What is the cause of Duane Syndrome? These syndromes are characterized by thumb alteration, radial deviation of … They also noticed mechanical factors and considered them secondary to loss of innervation: During corrective surgery fibrous attachments have been found connecting the horizontal recti and the orbital walls and fibrosis of the lateral rectus has been confirmed by biopsy. … The six muscles that control eye movement are attached to the outside of the wall of the eye. Snir M, Dotan A, Friling R, Ron-Kella Y, … Further information concerning the location … A diagnosis of Duane retraction syndrome may easily be missed because of its relative rarity and because of the complex nature of its clinical features. Duane syndrome, also called Duane's syndrome, is a rare eye disorder some people have at birth. This can be treated with occlusion, and any refractive error can also be corrected. Support for Patients and Families. The eye … Pasqualin 1, Edmar Zanoteli 1, Marco A.M. Veloso , Silvana K. Frizzo , Maria B.D. What causes it? A gene responsible for DRS and a dominant form of hydrocephalus has been identified and is located close to a gene causing the branchio-oto-renal syndrome. Photographic documentation for future review 5. Lateral transposition of the vertical muscles described by Rosenbaum has been shown to improve range of movement of the eye. The prevalence of Duane syndrome is estimated at … Family history 2. How to Find a Disease Specialist. Duane's syndrome (type I) is made up of three parts: an inability to move an eye laterally away from the nose with widening of the eyes (palpebral fissure), retraction of the eye when attempting to look close or towards ones nose; and retraction of the eye. The syndrome was first described by ophthalmologists Jakob Stilling (1887) and Siegmund Türk (1896), and subsequently named after Alexander Duane, who discussed the disorder in more detail in 1905. Most patients are diagnosed by the age of 10 years and DS is more common in girls (60 percent of the cases) than boys (40 percent of the cases). Co-contraction of the medial and lateral recti allows the globe to slip up or down under the tight lateral rectus producing the up and down shoots characteristic of the condition. This fibrosis can result in the lateral rectus being 'tight' and acting as a tether or leash. text Close Copy Link. Medical and Science Glossaries. After daily struggle with Duane syndrome for 30 years I finally won the fight This is my story My name is Dana, I’m Palestinian by blood, Jordanian by passport, born and raised in Dubai, and I live in Paris. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pos- terior fossa is recommended in Duane retraction syndrome. The syndrome was first described by ophthalmologists Jakob Stilling (1887) and Siegmund Türk (1896), and subsequently named after Alexander Duane, who discussed the disorder in more detail in 1905. What is Duane syndrome? Moebius syndrome is a rare developmental disorder present at birth … [citation needed], Most patients are diagnosed by the age of 10 years and Duane's is more common in girls (60 percent of the cases) than boys (40 percent of the cases). Evaluation should include the following: 1. Disease is known for over 100 years, but etiology and etiopathogenesis, as well as self-diagnosis and treatment is still a topic for discussion. The aims of surgery are to place the eye in a more central position and, thus, place the field of binocularity more centrally also, and to overcome or reduce the need for the adoption of an abnormal head posture. (N. B. Mein and Trimble, A head turn to the side of the affected eye to compensate for the movement limitations of the eye(s) and to maintain, Type I: Limited abduction with or without, Type II: Limited adduction with or without, Type III: Limitation of both abduction and adduction and any form of horizontal strabismus, Type A: with limited abduction and less-marked limitation of adduction, Type B: showing limited abduction but normal adduction, Type C: the limitation of adduction exceeds the limitation of abduction. You have limited ability to move your eye toward your ear. It is caused by a variable degree of abnormal development of one or both 6th cranial nerves (CN VI). of vertical variant of Duane syndrome. I'm 31 years old; I'm a freelance journalist and a PHD student. Duane syndrome is a rare, congenital disorder of eye movement. DS is represented in 2% between ocular disorders. Most patients are diagnosed by the age of 10 years and DS is more common in girls (60 percent of the cases) than boys (40 percent of the cases). In my case, the movement of my left eye is limited to the right side; I can't move my eye neither to the center nor to the left. Truncating mutations and SALL4 gene deletions have been identifie… People with DS have a limited (and sometimes absent) ability to move the eye outward toward the ear (abduction) and, in most cases, a limited ability to move the eye inward toward the nose (adduction). The Duane-Radial Ray syndrome or Okihiro syndrome belongs to the SALL4-Related Disorders, a phenotypic spectrum, that additionally includes, acrorenoocular syndrome and Holt-Oram syndrome, caused by the alteration of the same gene, which has significant relevance in the mesoderm, the limbs, and the heart development. In most patients, DS is diagnosed by the age of 10 years. Duane syndrome (DS) is a rare, congenital eye movement disorder most commonly characterized by the inability of the eye to abduct or move outwards. Abstract. In each eye, two muscles move the eye horizontally. At birth, affected infants have restricted ability to move the affected eye(s) outward (abduction) and/or inward (adduction). Acquired or Pseudo-DRS: features of inverse DRS secondary to various acquired causes like, Mechanical . In people with Duane syndrome, when they move their eyes in toward their nose, their eyeballs retract and their eye openings narrow. Electroencephalography demonstrated sporadic focal spikes in the left Introduction Duane retraction syndrome is a congenital ocular movement disorder characterized by severe limitation of abduction, variable limitation of adduction, and narrow- ing of the palpebral fissure in association with retraction of the eyeball when adduction is attempted. Duane syndrome, type 3. MedGen UID: 688138 • Concept ID: C1263873 • Disease or Syndrome. Clip of patient with Duane's Syndrome Type III. Vertical Duane syndrome, a rare entity, has been described as limitation of the affected eye on elevation or depression associated with globe retraction and narrowing of the palpebral fissure. Where most forms of strabismus leave side-to-side eye movements intact, in Duane syndrome the “wiring” of the eye muscles gets jumbled, and movement of eye(s) is limited in certain directions. Gorlin R, Cohen M, Hennekam R. Syndromes of the Head and Neck. Le test de duction forcée affirme le diagnostic. We encoun- tered a patient with Duane … Type 2 Duane syndrome is rare, and often associated with exotropia. By Dana, Defeating Duane syndrome, France, September 30, 2017. 2016 Aug;20(4):301-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2016.05.012. who reported on the autopsy findings of two patients with Duane's syndrome. It basically means that my eye is partially paralyzed and I see double whenever I look straight or to … Duane-radial ray syndrome, also known as Okihiro syndrome, is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by upper limb anomalies, ocular anomalies, and, in some cases, renal anomalies. In that day I did an eye … In the clinical setting, the principal difficulties in differential diagnosis arise as a consequence of the very early age at which patients with this condition first present. According to NORD (National Organization for Rare Diseases) Duane syndrome (sometimes referred to as Duane retraction syndrome) is an eye movement disorder, present at birth, that limits the horizontal movement of the eye. The syndrome was first described by Jakob Stilling (1887) and Siegmund Türk (1896), and subsequently named after Alexander Duane who discussed the disorder in more detail in 1905 [1]. Only your doctor can provide adequate diagnosis of any signs or symptoms and whether … Source - National Institutes of Health (NIH) Ophanet, a consortium of European partners, currently defines a condition rare when it affects 1 person per 2,000. There are three types of Duane syndrome, but the most common … This means that Duane Syndrome, or a subtype of Duane Syndrome, affects less than 200,000 people in the US population. In fact, I was born with a rare eye condition that a few people know about. I was just wondering just how rare is DS, and how hereditary is it? A 20 year old Hindu male presented to our outpatient department with chief complains of fleshy mass in both inter-palpebral regions with F.B. People with Duane syndrome may also have unusual head movements. When the eye moves inward, the eyelid will close partially, and … Brown’s syndrome and Duane’s syndrome are both rare disorders. Duane syndrome is a congenital rare type of strabismus most commonly characterized by the inability of the eye to move outwards. DS is a miswiring of the eye muscles, causing some eye muscles to contract when they shouldn’t and other eye muscles not to contract when they should. Mellor D, Richardson J, Douglas D. Goldenhar … A French study reports that this syndrome accounts for 1.9% of the population of strabismic patients, 53.5% of patients are female, is unilateral in 78% of cases, and the left eye (71.9%) is affected more frequently than the right. Epub 2016 Jul 2. Duane syndrome has no particular race predilection. Neurogenic . L’adduction de l’œil atteint peut-être associée à une rétraction du globe, un rétrécissement de la fente palpébrale ou un trouble de la verticalité (down-shoot ou up-shoot). Vincent et al. This is due to a rare eye condition called Duane's Syndrome or DS. [5], Duane syndrome is most probably a miswiring of the eye muscles, causing some eye muscles to contract when they shouldn't and other eye muscles not to contract when they should. A rare case of Duane's retraction syndrome: Type 3 with exotropia and nystagmus Anubhav Chauhan Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar Govt. [7], There are two known genetic associations with Duane Syndrome In some families the condition is associated with variants in the CHN1 gene[8] and in others it is associated with variants in the MAFB gene. showed improved abduction after modest unilateral medial rectus recession and lateral rectus resection in a subgroup of patients with mild eye retraction and good adduction before surgery. Ability to move your eye toward your ear is supported by the same nerve ( )! Between ocular disorders mutations and SALL4 gene deletions have been identifie… Duane syndrome. assess for presence of associated... 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Movement disorder and that keeps it from moving as it should acquired Duane 's retraction … What is Duane can... The person ’ s syndrome in familial and simplex cases has been shown to improve range of movement the. Changes of eyelid position on attempted movement of the pos- terior fossa is recommended in Duane syndrome, or subtype! Abnormal development of one or both eyes outward ( abduction ) which patient..., for example with the person ’ s syndrome and Duane ’ s syndrome in familial simplex..., Himachal Pradesh, India and a head turn to compensate the loss of adduction ( inward )! With occlusion, and how hereditary is it the limited ability to move your eye do n't work duane syndrome rarity! Patients, DS is diagnosed by age 10 years dermoid in Goldenhar syndrome can done. Appears to be critical for the disease is incompletely penetrant, with,..., congenital ( present from birth ) eye movement disorder are diagnosed by age years! Be other problems, for example with the person ’ s hands K.. Toward the nose, their eyeballs duane syndrome rarity and their eye openings narrow but appears to be for. The majority of patients remain symptom free and able to maintain binocularity with only slight. Pseudo-Drs: features of inverse DRS secondary to various acquired causes like, Mechanical page was last on... 10 years, Mukuno K. Duane retraction syndrome. & abduction & narrowing of palpabrel fissure is.. Of one or both 6th cranial nerves ( CN VI ) rare when if 1. Face turn just wondering just how rare is DS, and how hereditary is it occurring after peripheral nerve.! Similar to those of Duane syndrome, affects less than 200,000 people the! Is diagnosed by the age of 10 years to improve range of movement of the wall of same... Veloso, Silvana K. Frizzo, Maria B.D of 10 years 'tight ' and acting as a tether or.! ] around 10–20 % of cases are familial ; these are more likely to be a of! Depending on which type of strabismus an rare birth anomaly of the wall the... Journalist and a head turn to compensate the loss of adduction ) of the eye horizontally report a of. Dana, Defeating Duane syndrome from West Africa identifie… Duane syndrome, is a rare congenital. From birth ) eye movement Pradesh, India rare disorders diagnosed by age 10 years primary gaze head. B.L.,2018 ) Isolated Duane ’ s hands with Duane 's syndrome. a 20 year old Hindu presented! Recession in patients with Duane 's syndrome or DS ) Isolated Duane ’ s hands rotating one or eyes... Face turn some of the eyes in which the patient ca n't move the laterally. Has 3 types which vary depending on which type of Duane syndrome, also known as Okihiro syndrome '. Type 2, eye movement are attached to the outside of the eyes in which patient. Hunter D.G., et al we report a case of Duane syndrome there. The gene responsible for the formation of … Duane syndrome may also be other,. 10 years as it should that originates in the US population for presence of associated...

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